The Man Who Created the Middle East

And with this book, I've now completed my globetrotting journey of European & US Imperialism of the last ~200 years. We conclude with the Middle East.

I was disappointed in this book because it was what it was: a biography. I wanted something more akin to my last book, “Gangsters of Capitalism” that talked more broadly about the historical contexts outside of the sphere of the subject matter (British & French colonialism and the dissolving Ottoman Empire during and after WW1).

The book ends at Sykes' untimely death February 1919 from the pandemic of the time (then referred to as the Spanish Flu). Its brief epilogue then covers what the Allied Empires did to carve up the Ottoman Empire into the nation states we know today:

“A further cause for friction was the arbitrary and autocratic manner in which borders were delineated, with little regard for division along linguistic or religious lines, but entirely to suit the Allies' political, strategic and commercial interests, the latter more and more influenced by the increasing demand for oil. The example of Iraq was typical, with Kurds to the north, Sunni Muslims in the centre and Shiite Muslims to the south.”

This was the real meat I wanted to get into. The author only covered this briefly at the end and did not explain how exactly the Sykes-Picot Agreement reflected the final post-war impositions onto the region. Though the author did talk a lot about Sykes' interest in Zionism, foreshadowing the colonial apartheid state in occupied Palestine & Syria we all know and love today.

The author (the grandson of the subject) also claimed his grandfather ended up hating imperialism years after helping write one of the most important imperialist treaties in world history. He speculates that Sykes would have helped foster a more free and fair society had he not died beforehand. I am skeptical of this, and think he was trying to paint the man in a more endearing light.

I don't know enough about this time in history, and I wish I had read a better book that covers it. I am open to recommendations. I do not recommend this book.

All I wanna know is: How influential were the ‘Sykes–Picot Agreement' and the ‘Balfour Declaration' to the ‘Supreme Council of the Peace Conference' that met in San Remo in April 1920? How were they similar/different from each other? I don't know. And the fact that I've learned enough from this book to be able to ask that question, but not answer it, shows why I'm frustrated.